BioQuakes

AP Biology class blog for discussing current research in Biology

Sorry, What Did You Say?

Credit: Cyclone

Are you able to zone out in a noisy room and just focus on one thing? I know that I am able to do this when I am really into a book and I block every other sound out when I am reading. Are you able to focus on only one voice in a room of many?

A recent study has shown that the brain has the ability to focus so intensely that it can make a single voice seem like the only sound in a room full of other noises. Nima Mesgarani and Edward Chang of the University of California, San Francisco, studied what happens in the brains of people who are trying to follow one of two talkers. Scientists call this scenario “cocktail party problem.” In the study, electrodes were placed under the skulls of three people for an epilepsy treatment. The electrodes picked up high gamma waves from nerve cells. The pattern and strength of the high gamma waves reflect which sounds the people were paying attention to. The scientists gave the test subjects a signal word and told them to focus on that speaker once that word was spoken. Throughout this experiment, the researchers recorded brain activity and sorted that activity into patterns that reflect voices and words. They found that before the signal word was uttered, the patterns in the brain showed up as a mishmash, but once that word was heard, the subjects’ attention focused on that one voice and their brain activity shifted to a pattern similar to that seen when the listener heard only a solo speaker.

Micheyl said, “scientists already knew that attention influences perception, but the new results demonstrate that this is a literal, direct reflection of auditory attention at the neural level.” These results help explain how people are able to pick out a single speaker from a multitude of incoming sounds. Scientists hope that with these results and a deeper understanding of the brain’s power to focus, it will be possible to better treat people who can’t sort out sound signals effectively, something that can decline with age.

The next time you are in class and feel like you can’t listen to your teacher because the rest of the students in your class are making a lot of noise, try to focus on only your teacher’s voice. Your brain has the power to do this, so if you put your mind to it, you will be able to see that it isn’t so hard to listen to one person amidst a group of jumbled noises!

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3 Comments

  1. nyrtac2012

    Wow, this makes a lot of sense. We have always been told that ‘To Listen’ is different than ‘hearing’. This post made me think about hearing in general. It has always scared me to think that it is possible to go deaf. If this interests you as well, this site has a lot of great information.
    http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/Pages/default.aspx
    What is particularly interesting about this site is that you can go to the Research tab and click on any topic listed and you will be directed to real doctors and their information. Take a look!

  2. sweetasglucose

    Such a useful article! I often want to tune people out, and now I know I have the brain power to do so. However, there are people who do not have selective hearing. When this happens a person may not be able to hear their own voice in a crowded room. Selective hearing is very helpful, it is tragic when it is lost.

    Learn the signs. Check out this article.
    http://www.hearingaids.com/2011/08/23/selective-hearing-loss-is-it-real/

  3. Nima

    Someone pointed me to this post, and I enjoyed your summary of this research study very much! great job, and best wishes 🙂

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